Second person singular second person singular pdf download

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Kashua skewers almost everything that could ever be criticized: religion, lifestyle, morals, among many others. I read this for a class, and really --really-- liked it -- especially the ending. Relatively easy language, OK translation. Download links for: Second Person Singular Advertising. In the majority of cases the work of examining was done but once, and probably some examples have been overlooked.

The examples have been grouped in two general divisions: 1 , those in which the act is to be performed under some particular circumstances; e. In making this collection no attempt has been made to draw any close distinctions between the various shades of imperative meaning or meaning closely akin to it expressed by the future indicative.

Any future indicative of the second person, whether expressing a peremptory command, a desire that the act be performed, an entreaty, an exhortation, or direction, has been included in the number of examples.

On the contrary, certain sentences have been omitted in which one of these thoughts is only implied, not directly expressed,. With over activities and answers. Suitable for self-study, building vocabulary, and developing reading, writing and grammar skills. Skip to main content. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies.

To learn more, view our Privacy Policy. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. First and second person singular pronouns: a pillar or a pillory of the 'Altaic' hypothesis? Alexander Vovin. Download PDF. A short summary of this paper. The cases like the Polynesian peopling of Eastern Pacific, which was uninhabited before Polynesians started to migrate into this area, are quite rare; and, in addition, even there contacts are not unknown.

There is a wide-spread opinion among his- torical linguists, especially among those who engage in long-range com- parisons that basic personal pronouns cannot be borrowed. However, the linguistic reality demonstrates that this opinion is without foundation. I will start with 1ps pronouns paradigms in Turkic, taking Old Turkic and Chuvash as examples: 3 The absence in South Ryukyuan is telling, as it is the area, which was the least influenced by mainland Japanese.

Fedotov b: Chuvash data are based on Andreev et al. This change is, of course, highly marked, but typo- logically it is possible.

This is certainly true in case of crosslinguistic comparisons, and only to a certain extent: Korean, e. Meanwhile, the presence of labials for the 1st person within the same language is certainly significant and cannot be simply brushed aside. Pig breeding was not a traditional pastime of proto-Turkic speakers in antiqui- ty, as it would be rather difficult for nomads to migrate with pig herds.

Therefore, we might expect that it is an old loan from a language whose speakers were traditionally involved in pig breeding, although of course theoretically there is a possibility that a name for a wild pig was trans- ferred to a domesticated one. I will demonstrate below that the former solution involving loanword situation is more likely. This, however, does not exclude a possibility that both Kor. However, after this puzzle is solved below, we can have a glimpse of the archetype this word had in LPB.

We have reliable textual evidence showing us that in MK the final consonant was not -s, but -t or -th, as -th is attested before vowel, and in general earlier texts still keep the distinction between -t and -s in final po- sition unlike the modern Korean language.

In addition, such dialect forms as NH tothi and SH tothu that further indicate a presence of a stop. How- ever, modern dialects forms like twoyaci etc. Finally, we have Cheju toseki that indicates -s-. However, all this combined evidence points to some consonantal cluster that was alien to Korean and was sim- plified in different ways in different descendant languages of the Korean language family.

This cluster, as reflexes indicate, should have contained a fricative and a stop or nasal. They must be either dental or palatal. Thus, I think that both Korean and Chinese words are loans from the same source. But in the light of everything that has been said above we should not overlook Chuv. Chart 4: 1ps pronoun paradigms in Tungusic case Ewenki17 Manchu18 Nom. The general picture of distribution is complex, but overall verbal agreement markers of the 1st series seem to be used with proper verbal forms, while verbal agreement markers of the 2nd series tend to fol- low the forms that at least historically may be defined as nominalized or adnominal verbal forms.

Thus, verbal markers of the 2nd series are not true verbal agreement markers. Therefore, for the time being I will disregard verbal markers of the 2nd series possessive suffixes and concentrate on agreement markers of the 1st series. These traces are found in Nan. Now let us proceed to the review of 1ps pronoun paradigms in Mongol- ic: Chart 6: 1ps pronoun paradigms in Mongolic case Middle Mongolian20 Written Mongolian21 Nom.

More- over, it does not explain how oblique stems of 2ps pronoun cima- and 3ps pronoun ima- acquired the extension -ma- in their stems as well. An ap- peal to analogy is certainly possible, but it should be used with great care, especially that a claim that Mongolic 1ps pronominal paradigm has a het- erogeneous origin is equally possible.

I personally prefer the second solu- tion, but I will leave this problem for now, as it has no direct impact on the present paper, and will concentrate on the alternation of Nom. Still, this word is a hapax legomenon, and cannot be used as evidence. Mongolic does not have verbal agreement like Tungusic or Turkic, so I cannot provide an extra evidence based on verbal agreement marker for 1ps, but on the basis of four observations above I conclude that Mong.

Similar to the case with 1ps pronoun paradigms I will start with Turkic data: Chart 7: 2ps pronoun paradigms in Turkic case Old Turkic23 Chuvash24 Nom. Fedotov b: , See observation 2 for the chart 2 for ex- amples. Now let me present the 2ps pronoun paradigms from Tungusic, using again Ewenki and Manchu.

Chart 8: 2ps pronoun paradigms in Tungusic case Ewenki26 Manchu27 Nom. Helimskii b: A general answer to such a counter- argument is quite simple: migrations do occur, and the fact that the Bulghar languages known to us are attested only in the West does not mean that they were there from times immemorial.